Some important terms, full form and used term which may be asked in upcoming examination like SBI Associate PO, IBPS PO & Clerk etc online test. Candidate can check the computer terminology question from here. This types of question has very important for IBPS & Other banking exams.
Computer Terminology & Short Terms:
- Access: To store or retrieve data
- Application: A system, such as a payroll, that has been defined to be suitable for electronic data
- Archived file: A file that has been transferred to a lower level in the memory hierarchy, usually from magnetic disc to magnetic tape, may be as a result of operations of appropriate resource management
- Add‐on: Circuits, systems, or hardware devices that can be attached to a computer to increase its memory or improve its performance
- HTTP- Hyper Text Transport Protocol
- URL- Universal Resource Locator
- TCP- Transmission Control Protocol
- IP- Internet Protocol
- processing techniques
- www- world wide web
- KB – kilo bite
- MB – mega bite
- GB – giga bite
- TB- Tera Bite
- Array: A group of two or more logically related elements identified by a single name; generally stored in consecutive storage locations in main memory
- Audit trail: A permanent record of every transaction taken by a computer system, indicating for example, when users log in and out, what transaction they perform, when files are accessed and the type of access. Examination of this record provides a way of observing patterns of security violation and/or serves as a deterrent to violations
- Availability: The ratio of time a device is operating correctly to the total scheduled time for operating
- Back office operations: Operation that does not involve direct interaction with customers
- Back up: A resource that is, or can be used as a substitute when a primary resource fails or when a file has been corrupted
- Bar code: A printed machine readable code that consists of parallel bars of varied width and spacing. The application most commonly observed is the coding on food and goods that is read at the checkout and translated into a line of print on the bill showing product and cost
- Batch processing: A method of organizing work for a computer system, designed to reduce overheads by grouping together similar jobs
- Bit: Contraction of binary digit
- Bug: An error or mistake in a programme
- Byte: 8 bits
- Character: An alphabetic letter, a digit or a special symbol
- Chip: A small section of a single crystal of semiconductor usually silicon, that forms the substrate upon which is fabricated a single semiconductor device or all the individual devices comprising an integrated circuit
- Configuration: The particular hardware elements and their interconnection in a computer system for a particular period of operation
- Debug: To trace and correct errors in programming code or hardware malfunctions in a computer system
- Downtime: The percentage of time that a computer system is not available for use
- Dummy: An artificial instruction, address etc. used only to fulfill specification in a programme but not actually performing a function
- Duplex channel: A communication channel that allows data to be
- transmitted in both directions simultaneously
- Encoder: A small table‐top electronic machine which is a combination of electronic typewriter and calculator – functions: encode numeric data in the MICR in desired font; print a listing of amounts of all instructions with batch/grand totals; zero‐proofing place clearing endorsement, stamp on the reverse of instruments
- Image: A copy in memory of data that exists elsewhere
- Interface: A common boundary between two systems, devices or programmes
- Lock: A key or other group of characters that allows access to specified storage locations or software systems
- Log‐in: To enter the necessary information like personal identification number – PIN and/or password to begin a session on a terminal
- Menu: The list of options may be displayed with a sign code opposite each. The selection may then be made by keying the single code. The method provides simple way of guiding a user through a complex situation by presenting a sequence of simpler decisions
- Main memory: Storage located in the computer for programmes, along with their data, while they are being executed
- MICR: Abbreviation for magnetic ink character recognition. A process in which data printed in ink containing ferromagnetic particles is read by magnetic read heads
- Modem: Acronym for modulator demodulator – a device that converts digital data output from another device into analog data that can be transmitted over communication lines or vice versa.
- OCR: Abbreviation for Optical Character Recognition
- Output device: A device that can provide for only the output of data, such as a printer or card punch
- Password: A group of characters by which a user is uniquely identified, when logging on to a terminal or when submitting a programme for execution
- Real Time: The time that passes on an ordinary clock
- Scan: To examine sequentially all the records in a file in order to find those whose keys meet a specified criterion
- Soft Copy: Output that is displayed on the screen of a video display unit
- SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Inter‐bank Financial Telecommunication
- VDU: Abbreviation for Visual Display Unit
- Bandwidth: How much stuff you can send through a connection. Usually measured in bits per second
- Beta: Preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product: “a beta version beta software.
- BIOS: Stands for Basic Input/Output system: The BIOS is responsible for booting the computer by providing a basic set of instructions
- Binary: This is a basic system of numbering using ones and zeros
- Blue tooth: Radio technology that connects electronic devices without using a cable. Data and voice can be exchanged at ranges of up to 10 meters without the need for devices to be lined up together
- Boot disk: A diskette from which you can boot your computer
- Buffer: A place, especially in RAM, for the temporary storage of data for the purpose of speeding up an operation such as printing or disk access
- Browser: It is software used for viewing pages on the web
- Bus: A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a compute to another
- Catche: A special block of fast memory used for temporary storage of data for quick retrieval
- CD‐ROM: Compact Disc Read Only Memory – an optical storage medium that can hold about 700 MB of data and is accessed with lasers
- CGA: Stands for Color Graphics Adapter: CGA allowed a maximum of four colours at a resolution of 320 x 200 or two colours at 640 x 200.
- Clock Speed: The clock speed is the frequency which determines how fast devices that are connected to the system bus operate. The speed is measured in millions of cycles per second
- Clustering: A technique in which two or more servers are interconnected and can access a common storage pool
- CMOS: Abbreviation of complementary metal oxide semiconductor. Pronounced seemoss; CMOS is widely used type of semiconductor
- COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language
- CPU: Central Processing Unit – It interprets and carries out instructions, performs numeric computations, and controls the peripherals connected to it
- Data bus: A group of parallel conductors found on the motherboard that is used by the CPU to send and receive data from all the devices in the computer.
- Data mining: Sorting through data to identify patterns and establish relationships
- DDR: Stands for “Double Data Rate”
- Decoder: A circuit or device that restores a coded signal to its original form based of knowledge of the process used to code the signal
- Decryption: It is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so that it can be understood
- Dedicated line: It is a phone line meant specifically for one thing, like being attached to a computer
- Demodulation: It is the process of converting analog information into digital information
- DLL: Dynamic Link Library
- DNS: Domain Name Server – it is the system used on the internet for maping names to the actual numerical addresses of machines on the Internet
- DOS: Disc Operating System
- Domain name: A name that identifies one or more IP addresses
- Driver: A program that controls a device. Every device, whether it can be a printer, disk drive, or keyboard must have one driver program
- EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
- Email: Stands for electronic mail. It is a system of relaying messages across the Internet from one internet user to another
- Encryption: It is the process of converting data into “unreadable code” so that unauthorized people cannot understand the contents
- Ethernet: A networking system that enables high speed data communication over coaxial cables
- Executable file: A file in a format that the computer can directly execute
- FAQ: Frequently asked questions
- GUI: Graphical User Interface
- FTP: File transfer protocol
- HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language
- Icon: A small video display that acts as an activation link when clicked on
- ISP: Internet service provider
- ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
- JAVA- A high level programming language developed by Sun Micro systems
- LAN: a computer network that spans a relatively small area
- LCD: Abbreviation of liquid crystal display, a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers
- Linux: A version of UNIX that runs on a variety of hardware platforms. It is open source software, which is freely available
- Kilobyte: This is about thousand bytes of space. It is two to the 10th power of 1024 bytes
- MPEG: Motion Picture Experts Group
- Peer to Peer: A type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities
- Pen drive: A small device that can be used to easily transfer files between USB‐compatible systems
- Processor: A processor is a device that processes programmed instructions and performs tasks
- RAM: Random Access Memory
- ROM: Read Only Memory
- Serial Port: A port or interface that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time
- SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Spam: This is to transmit unwanted messages, usually over email, to a great many people
- SLIP: Serial Line Interface Protocol
- Switch: In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs
- WWW: World Wide Web
- Virus: A program or piece of code that is loaded into the computer without the knowledge of the computer user and runs against the wishes of the user
- WAN: Wide Area Network\
- Weblog: This is publicly accessible personal journal for an individual. Similar to a personal diary, but shared over the web. The activity of updating a blog is “blogging” and someone who keeps a blog is called as a “blogger”
- ZIP: Stands for Zone Information Protocol. This is an application that allows for the compression of application files
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